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1.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 31(4)dez. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-668429

ABSTRACT

Este artigo tem o objetivo de alertar e informar sobre as principais infecções do sistema nervoso central pós-procedimento da craniotomia, revisando dados epidemiológicos, profiláticos, fatores de risco, tratamento e outros pontos relevantes da infecção de ferida operatória, de meningite e de abscesso cerebral. Averígua-se a importância dos cuidados de assepsia com a lavagem do sítio cirúrgico com antisséptico degermante seguido de solução antisséptica alcoólica com princípio ativo (PVPI ou clorexidina), da equipe cirúrgica na degermação das mãos e paramentação e com os instrumentais e sala cirúrgica. Além disso, é discutido o valor da realização ou não da tricotomia, já que esta não mostra diferenças relativas nas incidências em acometimentos de patógenos. É de conclusão principal que, mesmo com as baixas incidências dessas infecções pós-craniotomias, estudos mais abrangentes e informativos sobre o assunto devem ser realizados em todo o mundo, por causa da gravidade do quadro clínico, seus prognósticos ruins, tratamentos intensivos, envolvimento de equipes multiprofissionais, extensão dos dias de internação, estadia em unidade de terapia intensiva e alta morbimortalidade.


In order to alert and inform about the main central nervous system infections after craniotomy procedure. Reviewing epidemiological, prophylactic, risk factors, treatment and other relevant points of wound infection, meningitis and brain abscess. Ascertains the importance of aseptic precautions by washing the surgical site with an antiseptic detergent followed by alcoholic antiseptic solution with active ingredient (chlorhexidine or PVPI), the surgical team in the antisepsis of hands and scrub and surgical instruments and operating room. Furthermore, it is discussed and whether or not the value of hair removal, since it does not show an effect on relative differences in affections of pathogens. It is the main conclusion that even with the low incidence of these infections after craniotomy, the most comprehensive and informative studies on the subject should be conducted around the world, due to the severity of clinical symptoms, their prognosis poor, intensive care, involvement of multidisciplinary teams, length of hospital stay, stay in the intensive care unit, a high mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Craniotomy/adverse effects , Central Nervous System Infections/surgery , Meningitis/surgery
2.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 73-78, 1997.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-49483

ABSTRACT

We studied the clinical characteristics, location of epileptogenic regions, and the surgical outcomes in 18 patients with intractable epilepsy associated with previous CNS infections. All patients underwent an extensive presurgical evaluation and 11 patients had intracranial EEG monitoring. On the basis of presurgical evaluation, epileptic regions were localized to the mesial temporal (n = 12) and the neocortical (n = 6) regions. The age of the time of CNS infection was significantly younger and the latent period of non-febrile seizures after CNS infection was longer in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). MRI showed hippocampal atrophy and hippocampal signal changes in 11 of 12 patients with MTLE. Among 6 patients with neocortical epilepsy (NE) 5 patients had normal MRI and one showed cerebral hemi-atrophy. Surgery was successful (class I & II) in all patients with MTLE, however, in the patients with neocortical epilepsy, seizure-free results were not achieved in any patients after resective surgery (6 patients) and only 2 patients achieved Class II outcomes after a second epilepsy surgery consisting of neocortical resection. Patients with MTLE after CNS infection were differentiated from the group of neocortical epilepsy by an earlier onset of CNS infection, a prolonged latent period and a higher frequency of meningitis. The characteristic pathology in this group was hippocampal sclerosis and the surgical result was excellent. Neocortical epilepsy following CNS infection usually had no focal lesion on MRI and was associated with a relatively poor surgical result. This study suggested that the surgical outcome was influenced by the type of epileptic syndromes rather than the etiology of seizures. The association of MTLE with the younger age of CNS infections and with meningitis more frequently suggested that the neocortical neurons during infancy or early childhood may be more resistant to the epileptogenesis, or that the CNS infections in patients with MTLE might be milder in severity to cause selective injuries to the hippocampal neurons during their vulnerable stage.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Adolescent , Encephalitis/surgery , Epilepsy/surgery , Meningitis/surgery
4.
J. bras. med ; 66(4): 56-60, abr. 1994. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-165312

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam a experiência adquirida com parte dos pacientes submetidos às derivaçoes ventricular, peritoneal e atrial, desde o início do Serviço de Neurocirurgia, em 1983. A técnica operatória, apesar de simples, tem ainda muitas controvérsias, em virtude do número elevado de revisoes que os sistemas de inúmeras procedências necessitam, levando ao aparecimento de complicaçoes, algumas vezes graves. Com estas ressalvas, a mortalidade foi de 14,28 por cento, comparável a outras séries. O primeiro shunt peritoneal é creditado a Ferguson, em 1898. Foi feito com agulha de prata, comunicando o espaço subaracnóide com o peritônio, através do corpo vertebral de L5. Este e outros métodos utilizados em tempos mais remotos falharam e novas tentativas somente foram feitas e publicadas 25 anos após. Quando a válvula Spitz Holter e os cateteres flexíveis começaram a ser usados, a cirurgia do shunting começou a ficar mais popular. Desde entao vem-se notando que as complicaçoes com a DVA usada na época nao eram tao infreqüentes. A partir de 1967, Ames & Murgathi chamaram a atençao para a possibilidade de utilizar a cavidade peritoneal para o desvio ventricular. Trabalhos mais recentes têm mostrado que tanto a DVA quanto a DVP sao eficientes para o tratamento dos hidrocéfalos, existindo significantes vantagens para o sistema peritoneal quando se leva em conta a gravidade das complicaçoes com a DVA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Brain Injuries/surgery , Cerebral Aqueduct/surgery , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/surgery , Cysticercosis/surgery , Nervous System Diseases/surgery , Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure/surgery , Hydrocephalus/surgery , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/surgery , Meningitis/surgery , Meningomyelocele/surgery , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/adverse effects , Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts
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